Science lab activity time at Ban Phang Heng Secondary School
“WOW…!” This is an exclamation we often get to hear during our science lab activity time. The pupils who come and participate are amazed to see the wonders of natural science. Every Wednesday and Thursday from 3 to 4 p.m. Veronika and I offer “Activity Time” in the science laboratory where the pupils can conduct experiments and discover natural science phenomena practically.
Interested pupils amazed by the experiment
The science laboratory was finished in January 2016 and since then it has been equipped with more and more utensils, models, and chemicals. This provides the teachers and us with a great foundation for our practical work with the pupils in the laboratory. However, it still is not comparable to what would be accessible in a science classroom in Germany.
Therefore, we need to be creative and think of ways how to conduct experiments with everyday material. In our series of experiments on the topic of CO2 , for instance, we used cement to produce limewater for the limewater proof, which is used to show that a gas is CO2. Since the laboratory also does not have gas bottles with gases like CO2 , we used fizzy tablets to produce CO2 , which could then be used for the experiments we did. Thorsten, the volunteer for the science laboratory before us, organized a lot of material for common experiments for the secondary classroom that we can use now.
Two boys get their material ready for an experiment…
We are very happy that the Ban Phang Heng secondary school has this room and we have the facilities to experiment with the pupils. The science lab “Activity Time” offers the pupils the possibility to not only hear about scientific phenomena theoretically, but also to experience them practically and conduct experiments by themselves and be fascinated by the outcomes – as you can see in our recent little Pageflow movie “How to make your own volcano”.
We hope that in the future the laboratory will be used more often for practical science classes by the Lao teachers and that it will be used regularly to enrich the theoretical science lessons.
Text & photos by R. Dengler
First impressions – by Laura Jakob & Tanja Wintrich (Team IV)
Sabaidee Laos!
In the first days after our arrival in Laos, we were flooded by many new impressions. It started with the bright mud-red ground and square rice fields shining in the sun from our plane window. Once we touched down, we immediately swapped our sneakers for thongs, due to the warm weather.
Mme Gerlinde Engel, her assistant Ms Bouangeun Hanthavong (aka “Linda”), and general manager Mr Khamsing Nathavongdouangsy picked us up from the airport and brought us to “the villa”, our new home for the next eight weeks.
The villa impressed us very much: It is spacious and the comfortable common room is now our favourite place to work together and prepare lessons. The garden is laid out beautifully with both flowers and palm trees. It is the perfect spot for resting your body & soul after a long and hot working-day.
We were welcomed warmly by Team III (Anika and Silja had stayed on longer to show us the ropes)
The entrance to our beautiful villa
Our common room
Ban Sikeud is a village located a 30-minute drive away from the capital Vientiane, about 14 km outside of town to the north-east.
The main street in Sikeud is fascinating to ride through. Many different street stalls and markets are situated along the way. The houses and shops are small, only have three walls, and the fourth wall (usually shutters) is always open during the day. The shutters are only closed at night – and it surprised us when we realized that this is also the place where the Lao shop-keepers live.
The market is where we buy ingredients for our daily dinner. It’s amazing to see the many different fruits and vegetables they have to offer for affordable prices. Some of the market foods we already tried are fried bananas, freshly-pressed sugar beet juice, and the most delicious mango and dragon fruit in the world. Hot meals are cooked on coal stoves outside – even in our villa there is no stove inside.
Delicious fruits at the market
The people greet you happily whenever you go by. They seem to be delighted to see us “falangs” (engl. “long-nose”, slang for “Western foreigner”), just as we are to see them. This is very different to Germany where such openness towards strangers is uncommon. This kind of friendliness helps us a lot to get used to the Lao way of life.
The ride to school is a bumpy one because of the many potholes on the dusty street. These many potholes are formed during the monsoon in the rainy season.
Our daily way to school
During rush hour the traffic is bustling and you have to be careful, especially if you are riding a scooter. Crossing the main street is a precarious issue because there are no lights and nobody lets you pass. But in the morning there is always a police officer who regulates the busy traffic for the people who are trying to get to work.
Our first day at school was quite overwhelming. Everyone welcomed us very warmly. We were introduced to our four tandem-teachers, who were excited to meet us: Tanja will work with the English teachers Leud and Souvanh and Laura with the English teachers Souk and Donekeo at the Phang Heng Secondary school. All the pupils were also thrilled when they got the chance to get to know us. They smiled at us, folded their hands together in greeting and constantly asked us for our names.
Pupils line up after school to say goodbye to their teachers
Teachers are treated very respectfully in Laos. The whole school climate is very positive and both teachers and pupils always have smiles on their faces. One reason for that could be their Buddhist religion or the Lao culture.
On our first day at school, the traditional Lao ceremony Baci (ບາສີ) was held to bid Anika and Silja goodbye and thank them and to welcome us. The ceremony includes a ritual in which strings are tied around your wrists to chase evil spirits out and let positive energy in. We got very emotional when so many people wished us good luck.
The traditional Baci ceremony with Mme Gerlinde Engel where we got our blessings
With these many well-wishes given, we felt that we had the best start possible and we now look forward to working here in Laos.
Text by L. Jakob & T. Wintrich
Photos by R. Dengler & A. Reiling
Pageflow – a new way to share our experiences
Visit our Pageflow – a tool for multimedia storytelling which allows us to share our experiences in Laos with you “live”. Feel welcome to dip into our interactive reports and let us take you on this digital journey. When you click on it, the tool will tell you how many new pages we added since you last looked.
Team IV has arrived in Laos now and we have picked up and continued the great work the other teams achieved before. However, there are also some new areas which are being developed by our Team IV. Two new special tasks have come up. One of them is the further development of the Science Laboratory and the other task is the administration of Pageflow. Rebecca and I (Veronika) share these two new tasks. Other novelties are the “English Games Club”, where pupils are activated into speaking English in a playful way, and the “Computer Club” for Lao teachers – here we take the teachers up on their knowledge in using Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, or Excel, to expand their skills, which are sometimes limited.
The new software was developed by the West German Broadcasting Corporation “WDR“. Pageflow is a tool for multimedia storytelling which allows sharing reports or experiences through full screen image, video, audio, and text content. The storyline is in a permanent state of development, just like this blog, only more based on images and sounds rather than text. Pageflow is basically used by scrolling down through the full screen images and videos. Elements can be activated by clicking on them. The combination of multimedia invites the addressee immerse into a compelling interactive story.
Before our departure to Laos, for my preparation as Team IV Pageflow and media manager, I got an introduction by Mr Maximilian Richter, who is an academic employee for media and film production at the “ZIM” (Center of Information Technology and Media) of the University of Education Karlsruhe. I learnt how to use the software and a video camera, how to edit photos in Photoshop and videos in PremierePro. I am responsible for editing the media and publishing it online. My essential counterpart is Rebecca, who is blessed with the skills of a hobby photographer and has a watchful eye for amazing snapshots.
Veronika Golla films…
… and edits.
… while Rebecca Dengler takes photos
Our Pageflow gives Team IV the opportunity to share their daily experiences, extraordinary events, or simply things that appear interesting, curious, or new to us. You – our readers – are welcome to get to know parts of the Lao culture, life, and the work of the volunteers that is done on-site, through our eyes.
Source: http://pageflow.io/en Link: You can access our Pageflow directly at the top of our blog (under “Blog/Pageflow“)
Text by V. Golla
Photos by R. Dengler
Introduction of volunteers: Team IV
Hello, readers! We are Team IV!
We all started our big and exciting journey together in Frankfurt. Some of us already knew each other, but some didn’t. We applied for the internship places back in October. Before the interviews took place, we were all quite nervous but we survived and were accepted. Prior to our departure we had regular meetings where we were prepared by Prof. Martin and then increasingly prepared ourselves to get familiar with our tasks.
A time full of new experiences was suddenly ahead of us. Every single one of us has her own story, of course, and therefore her own motivation why she wanted to be part of this wonderful project.
This short introduction will give you some insights into our lives and why we are here now:
Hello!
My name is Venetia Dariou and I’m 20 years old. I have lived in Karlsruhe since the beginning of my studies in 2015 and I’m in my 4th semester. I am currently pursuing my Bachelor’s Degree in Secondary Education at the University of Education Karlsruhe. My major subject is English, and home economics is my minor subject. In my leisure time I like to do sports: I play football and I have been leading and animating children in a gymnastics team in Karlsruhe for one year. Besides this, I like to travel a lot, but I have never been to Southeast Asia before.
The project caught my attention because I always wanted to do an internship abroad. Therefore I decided to apply for this program because I can aid teachers in helping children improve their opportunities in life. I can also say I’m an open-minded person who can cope with various cultural difficulties. I was fortunate enough to grow up bilingually with Greek and German.
My special task in Laos is housekeeping. I’m responsible for the Wifi, take care of the cleaning plan and write a shopping list for us seven in Sikeud.
I will be teaching English to the “Non-English” teachers in Ban Phang Heng and also the pre-schoolers with the hand puppet “Mr Mopsy” in Ban Sikeud.
My time in Laos is something I look forward to very keenly.
Hello and Sabaidee!
My name is Laura Jakob, I am 23 years old and I study English and home economics at the University of Education in Karlsruhe in my third semester. I love learning languages, travelling, and experiencing new cultures. In my free time I enjoy cooking, sewing, and taking pictures. I have traveled a lot in Asia before and studied abroad in a Japanese High School for one year. I have never been to Laos before, so I am really looking forward to it.
My task in Laos is to teach the female English teachers at Phang Heng Secondary School. I prepared by going through the books we will use – Headway Elementary – and reading the weekly reports by the previous teams. For “Activity Time”, my partner Tanja and I prepared different new “Clubs” that we plan to introduce for the pupils at the secondary school, i.e. the “ABC Club” and the “English Games Club”. My special task is to take care of and develop the new “Didactics Room” at the Phang Heng Secondary School which David and Anika from Team III created a short while ago.
I am really glad to have been chosen to be part of this project and look forward to working in Laos.
Sabaidee everybody,
My name is Jessica Deißler and I am 24 years old. When come back from Laos I’ll continue my studies to become a primary school teacher at the University of Education Karlsruhe in the subjects English and geography. During my studies so far I visited Nottingham Trent University last year, which was an inspiring experience for me, because I met many people with different cultural backgrounds and got to know university life in a foreign country. Besides studying, I love travelling, but I have never been to Asia before.
When I received the confirmation that I was going to be part of the project “Teaching English in Laos”, I couldn’t wait for the adventure ahead. Here in Laos, I now work with my tandem-partner Bounpheng, who is the English teacher for all classes in Phang Heng Primary School.
In the afternoon, I teach the “Mopsy” classes, which means I teach English to the pre-schoolers of Phang Heng Primary School. By including songs, games, rhymes, picture books, and the handpuppet “Mopsy“, the pre-schoolers get used to the English language and start learning the first English words and sentences. “Activity Time” is a set time every day from 3pm to 4pm where the pupils can choose between different activities the teachers offer. In my “English Activity” time, we sing English songs that involve matching movements, or we play language games to help the children understand English instructions and to get them to respond accordingly.
Otherwise, Alyssa and I are responsible for the English “Lending Library” at Ban Sikeud Primary School, where the teachers can find a wide range of not only English teaching material, but also other English books such as dictionaries or “Early Readers” to improve their English. We are going to create an ordering system that should help the teachers find material for the specific topics of their lessons.
As there are no lesson plans or set textbooks for class 1 and 2, we arrange meetings with our tandem-teachers in which we think of possible topics and appropriate material and teaching techniques for these classes.
Sabaidee and hello!
My name is Alyssa Weber and I’m 22 years old. I’m in my seventh semester at the University of Education Karlsruhe, where I’m studying in the degree of primary teacher education with the subjects English and geography. In my free time in Germany, I work at my local sports club where I’m a coach for gymnastics. In addition, I love to dance, to travel, and to see the world. As I already had the opportunity to spend a semester abroad at Nottingham Trent University last year, I’m now pretty excited to get to see a totally different part of the world. I’ve never been to Asia, which is why I think that this project is the perfect chance to get a realistic impression of what it is like.
I’m really glad to have been chosen as a part of this project and a member of Team IV. Here in Laos, I’m working together with Mittaphone (Mit) and Phovang (Noy), the two English teachers at Sikeud Primary School. I hope that I can help them to improve their English skills further as well as show them new teaching techniques so that we can create a modern and motivating way of teaching English together.
Besides, I’m working with Souphaphone, the school’s head teacher, and Linda, Madame Engel’s assistant. They both want to improve their English skills, especially in writing. From Monday to Wednesday, I’m also doing “Activity Time” at Sikeud Primary School, and on Thursday and Friday at Phang Heng Primary School, together with Jessica. During “Activity Time” we sing English songs or play English language games with the Lao pupils, which is a lot of fun, with the goal of activating them into speaking English.
My special task is taking care of the English “Lending Library” at Sikeud Primary School together with Jessica. We want to create a new ordering system where the material is ordered by different topics. This way, it should get easier for the Lao teachers to find suitable material for their lessons. Furthermore, we are presently arranging meetings with our tandem-teachers to pre-plan possible lesson topics. As Grade 1 and Grade 2 don’t have a book to work with, this is a great opportunity to give them some more communicative teaching ideas on what to teach and how to implement it.
Hello, my name is Rebecca Dengler.
I am 22 years old and I study at the University of Education Karlsruhe to become a primary teacher. Right now, I am in my 7th semester and I will finish my studies this autumn. I have already done internships at German primary schools, but I have never worked at a school in another country.
In 2016, I studied at the University of Newcastle in Australia for one semester because one of my main subjects is English, and this semester abroad helped me to improve my English and also to experience the way Australian teachers are trained. My other main subject is chemistry. Therefore, I teach English to the science teachers here and together with Veronika I am responsible for the new Science Laboratory (http://www.thelaosexperience.com/natural-sciences-teachers/) here in Laos at the Ban Phang Heng Secondary School in Ban Sikeud. We offer a new “Science Lab Activity Time” for pupils where they can come and do experiments, and we also visit the science teachers’ lessons (which are in Lao, of course) and try to encourage them to include experiments into their lessons.
I love to be creative, to travel, and to take photos. Some of my photos can be seen on our new “Pageflow”, which Veronika and I have been creating together. I am looking forward to the time I can spend in Laos working for the project and for the foundation Angels for Children.
Hello, My name is Veronika Golla and I am 26 years old.
I am originally from Freiburg, which is located even further south in Germany than Karlsruhe is, but for my studies I moved to Karlsruhe, where I have lived since 2013. I am studying to become a primary school teacher. My subjects are English, German, mathematics, and science. I like reading and swimming as well as meeting my friends and family, as I love to have people around me.
Moreover I am very interested in other languages and cultures. I love traveling and meeting new people. In the last 10 years I’ve already been to Asia several times as I am very fond of Asian countries. Besides China and Japan I‘ve been to Thailand and Cambodia – however, I think Laos will be a totally new and augmented experience for me as I have never taught at a schol abroad.
I hope I can learn new things from the Lao people and their country and I also want to share my culture with them. Besides teaching the science teachers Phit, Latsamee, Chanmany, and Khamsee at Phang Heng Secondary School, together with Rebecca I am responsible for the “Pageflow”, our new multimedia tool for live reports from Laos, and the “Science Lab”. I am looking forward to working with the Lao teachers and pupils and to lots of exciting moments.
Sabaidee!
My name is Tanja, I am 27 years old and currently in my third semester. I am studying English and biology at the University of Education in Karlsruhe to become a teacher at secondary school. Before I started my studies I already gained a wonderful experience abroad. From 2013 until 2014 I was living with an American family in Denver, Colorado. It was a great opportunity to get to know a different culture and see what traditions they have. Last summer I decided to do an internship abroad where I gained first-hand experiences at a primary school in NSW, Australia. I learnt a lot during that time and I am still profiting from it regarding my teaching skills. For instance classroom management – I was taught different techniques to keep the noise in the classroom to a minimum and to lead the pupils back to focus again.
The teacher I worked with was motivated and showed me lots of interesting teaching techniques. We prepared lessons together and I got a closer look into what everyday life at a school in Australia looks like. Due to those fantastic and unforgettable moments I acquired in the past I was immediately interested in the “Teaching English in Laos” programme. I would like to use this chance to give something back to the people I met along the way – and this project makes it possible for me.
Laura and I will be tandem partners for my time in Laos, which means that we will be preparing our “Activities” together. Besides that, we both support the teachers from Phang Heng Secondary School. The two Lao tandem-teachers I am going to work with are Leud and Souvanh. I am looking forward to getting to know them and moreover to develop ideas for creating an even more interactive classroom atmosphere together.
My “special task” is to be your new blog mistress – together with Amelie, who will post reports from the Lao German Technical College from downtown Vientiane. I will therefore be responsible for keeping you up-to-date and for giving you a little insight into our lives and work here in Laos.
I’m sure we all will have a wonderful time with lots of new experiences ahead of us, where we’ll learn a lot from the Lao culture. I’m looking forward to this adventure here in Laos and am excited to become a part of the project.
Sabaidee!
I am Amelie, 23 years old and I am happy to call myself part of Team IV!
At the moment I am in my
Minister for Education and Sports H.E. Mrs Sengdeuane Lachanthaboune visits Angels for Children
As a crowning moment of the third phase of “Teaching English in Laos”, the project leaders received a high-ranking visit in January 2017: The Lao Minister for Education and Sports, H.E. Mrs Sengdeuane Lachanthaboune, visited the three schools supported by Angels for Children and the project activities in these schools.
After the visit of her colleague, the Vice-Minister Prof. Dr. Kongsy Sengmany in January 2016, an informal meeting with Prof. Dr. Isabel Martin and her then new Team III had been arranged in September very soon after their arrival, to pick up the threads and continue the talks.
Prof. Martin hands over a fruit basket to H.E. Mrs Sengdeuane Lachantaboune
Johannes Zeck hands over a flower bouquet
… and some gifts from BHS, marking the start of the new vocational training programme at the Lao-German Technical College
Saturday, 17 September 2016
… conducting informal talks (Johannes Zeck, Prof. Dr. Isabel Martin, Mme Gerlinde Engel, Mrs Sengdeuane Lachanthaboune, Mr Sivath Sonethavy, Mr Khamsing Nanthavongdoungsy)
… and with the first volunteers of the new team (David Schrep, Kerstin Petter, Pauline Kern), and Bouangeun “Linda” Hanthavong
After this meeting, H.E. Mrs Sengdeuane wanted to see the project for herself.
She came to visit on 10 January 2017, with staff from her Departments. Prof. Martin had also invited Mr Michael Heller along, Deputy Head of Mission from the German Embassy in Vientiane, and Mme Engel took the chance before the Minister’s arrival to show Mr Heller around the primary school Sikeud herself.
Mr Khamsing Nanthavongdounagsy and Madame Gerlinde Engel welcome Mr Michael Heller from the German Embassy
Mme Engel shows Mr Heller around
Bouangeun “Linda” Hanthavong looks forward to the visit
Flowers for the visitors from the pupils
Mr Heller receives a garland
… continued tour of the school
… and a peek into the classrooms
Mittaphone Sichampa teaches preschoolers to speak English
… and out
Daily tooth-brushing in the primary school Sikeud
… not finished: Mme has visions of more yet to come!
Project leaders Prof. Martin, Johannes Zeck, Gerlinde Engel, with Michael Heller (Chancellor of the German Embassy in Laos) during the visit of Minister Ms Sengdeuane Lachanthaboune
At 11 a.m., there was quite a delegation to lead from the primary school Ban Sikeud to the secondary school and then to the primary school Ban Phang Heng. Mrs Sengdeuane honoured the engagement of Angels for Children, mainly carried out and represented by Madame Gerlinde Engel, especially the investment into the three schools’ infrastructure, the new physics and chemistry laboratory and the computer room in the secondary school, the general education support, and last, but not least, the daily tooth-brushing programme. Her staff had brought donations with them and handed over many books and other education material to the secondary school. There was animated conversation the whole time with the school manager Mr Khamsing, with individual teachers, with AfC assistant Bouangeun (“Linda”), and the school children were asked questions, too. Once more one wished one could understand the Lao language!
Prof. Martin showed the work of Team III – which builds on the work of former teams – for instance the new techniques in foreign language teaching taught to the Lao English teachers, the use of modern didactic material in the lessons, the set-up of English Lending Libraries in all three schools, Workshops and Activities offered by the volunteers, the installation of the new Didactics Room in the secondary school, and the training of Lao teachers in didactics and in the English language by the volunteers – there was something new going on in every classroom that deserved to be pointed out and explained.
In the ensueing consultation, Prof. Martin and Johannes Zeck offered opening up the “Teaching English in Laos project” to H.E. Mrs Sengdeuane and her Ministry and Departments. A cooperation could be started with the help of grants and funding from third parties or the German Government. Our expertise and experience in English teacher training as well as curriculum and materials development, our strong interest in research in TESOL, and our practical experience in this project in three Laotian schools and one Technical College could form the basis for helping to develop English education in general countrywide, on behalf of the Lao Ministry of Education and Sports.
Staff members of the Ministry arrive
Mrs Sengdeuane Lachanthaboune arrives
Prof. Dr. Isabel Martin welcomes the Minister in the primary school Ban Sikeud
Director of the primary school, Ms Souphaphone Vongphachan, welcomes the Minister
Mme Gerlinde Engel shows her around
Meeting directors of other schools, who attended a meeting in the primary school Ban Sikeud
Prof. Martin shows the English Lending Library
Prof. Martin explains some of the teaching material
… and picture books (“Princess Smartypants”)
… language games material
… and flashcards
The Minister’s civil servant team in the AfC office
Prof. Martin explains communicative language teaching methodology
Mittaphone “Mit” Sichampa uses communicative teaching techniques with her preschool class: the colours in English
The preschoolers…
… and Mittaphone in action
… and the Minister catches a glimpse of communicative L2-teaching
“Do you “like”?”
Mrs Hanthavong and Mr Heller watch
Johannes Zeck shows the tooth-brushing station…
… to our curious guests
H.E. Mrs Sengdeuane and her staff receive garlands from the pupils
… in a traditional ceremony
And now to the new Didactics Room in the secondary school
Mr Bounleud Sengsavang explains the tandem work with the German volunteers
Ms Souksakhone Sidavan shares some self-made worksheets
Anika Broghammer of Team III proudly presents new teaching material produced in her tandems
Bounleud, David, Anika
And now, to the new chemistry and physics laboratory!
Mr Khamsing explains the foundation’s interest in the natural sciences
Book donations from the Ministry of Education and Sports
The computer room
Mr Souvanh Navong in action
H.E. Mrs Sengdeuane is now welcomed in the primary school Ban Phang Heng
In the teachers’ room, Mrs Bounpheng Singhalat shows a poster she uses in her Activities
Teacher’s room
In front of the secondary school
Book donations are lined up
Book donations are handed over
A gift card from Mme Engel, painted by one of the pupils
Linda with a pupil in the secondary school
That was a great visit!
Happy team
Mme Engel shows the vocational training activities of the foundation and BHS Corrugated at the secondary school
Mme Engel says goodbye and come and visit us again!
The three directors of the secondary school, Mr Khampheng Bounthalavong, Mr Soukan Keosiththivong, and Ms Khanfeuan Luangxai
Lao – German joint effort
Another successful day, it seems!
We want to thank H.E. Mrs Sengdeuane for her visit and we are looking forward to our next meeting(s)!
In the meantime, we have secured new contacts and new funds and developed new research questions, which will be followed up in new pockets of time later this year – and the next visit is just around the corner.
Text by J. Zeck & I. Martin
Photos by I. Martin & S. Stöhrer
Being a volunteer at the Sunshine School in Vientiane
Sunshine School is a pre- and primary school in Vientiane within the Neo-Humanist Education system managed by the Ananda Marga Women’s Welfare Department. The school was founded in 1996 and has the aim to provide a multicultural, ethically based education through integrated learning and the holistic development of the child.
We (Julia and Juliana) heard about the school from our English professor Prof. Dr. Isabel Martin and it was also her who enabled us to get in contact with “Didi” Gaorii – the head of the school. We were just in the process of finishing our studies of Primary School Education at the University of Karlsruhe with English as one of our main subjects.
After only a few emails with Didi – which were preceded and had been prepared by a lengthy and detailed exchange between Didi and Prof. Martin by email and skype – it was clear that she and her teachers would be happy to welcome us at the school and that there would always be someone to support or help us with any questions. Didi also told us in her emails that we would be free to teach in any class we wanted to and that this would be a great help for the English teachers there. We saw this as a very valuable chance to get into contact with many different classes and children and also to improve our skills as future English teachers.
Seeing as Prof. Martin had more applicants than places in the AfC project and as we were interested in Sunshine School anyway, we decided to go for it, and Prof. Martin still included us in the AfC project as a “satellite”: We paid for the flights and accommodation ourselves, but we were invited to the same info sessions and workshops in the pre-project phase, got access to her Intranet Laos project database, and she also picked us up from the airport and took us to the school personally when we arrived, to make sure everything was alright.
When we arrived at the school in September 2016, Didi welcomed Prof. Martin and us warmly in her kitchen (she lives in a house next to the school and the kindergarten) and showed us around.
English staff at Sunshine School
Checking possible timetables: Prof. Martin and Didi Gaorii
Computer room
Library
Studying our timetables
Visiting first lesson: “Why are you so tall?”
Visiting another lesson
Delicious vegetarian soup
As she had announced before, she had already prepared accommodation for us – a big room just above the kindergarten, with a shower and a toilet, where we could stay for the first nights. When we decided to look for our own little apartment near the school, Didi gave us the number of a landlady she knew and only after two days we were able to move in.
We were also promptly invited to pay our condolences to the mother of one of the teachers who had just passed away – and were taken along to the “wake”, the place of mourning nearby the school, where we were shown what to do to pay our respects.
No shoes, no walking, no soles of feet shown to the front of the room, and whisper
Laying down gifts in front of the coffin of the deceased before fire burial
The bereaved family invites us for some refreshments afterwards
The next day we got to know the English teachers of the school: Jock, Saba, Grace, and Roed.
While the Philippine teachers Grace and Roed are responsible for the primary school classes, the Lao teachers Jock and Saba mostly teach the older children. Like already mentioned above, we had the opportunity to teach in the lower as well as in the higher classes. Our tasks ranged from teaching a few weaker children separately and supporting the teachers during their lessons to teaching class on our own.
But still we always had the opportunity to talk to the teachers and ask for their suggestions, support, and help. They gave us the feeling that we were full members of staff and that our work was really appreciated at the school. That the teachers at Sunshine School had a really good command of English was another positive aspect of our cooperation – this was due to the fact that in the Philippines, English is one of the official languages, and that one of the Lao teachers had been given the chance of spending a year in the USA within a special traineeship offered by the school to learn English better.
Teaching the children was such a great experience! Of course it was a lot of work sometimes to prepare all the lessons, but the reward of seeing the progress of the pupils made it definitely worth the effort. And, furthermore, life at school was not only about work!
In the two hours’ break before afternoon school we enjoyed the free vegetarian lunches at the school, had delicious meals at a café or bought one of the sensational fruit shakes you can enjoy in Vientiane. Also, when there was an excursion or another event outside the school, such as “Teacher’s Day” or the trip of the secondary classes to a water factory, we were always invited and really enjoyed those days.
Furthermore, we subsequently saw Denise and Lena from Team III quite often and visited each other, as they also lived in town, and went on outings together, celebrated many birthdays, visited the other volunteers in Sikeud, helped them when they did workshops, and generally had a lot of fun together in the CCC bar or other cool locations in the capital of Laos.
Picnic at the waterfalls on Teacher’s Day
Trip to the water factory with M1-4
Trip to the waterfalls with Sunshine staff
We also spent time with the English teachers outside official school time, just to have dinner, walk along the Mekong, or enjoy a movie night together. Another activity that was offered to us by the school was to take some yoga and meditation lessons with two of the “Didis” (“Didi” actually means “sister” in Sanskrit) there.
When our last work day came it was really hard for us to say goodbye as we spent three unforgettable months at the school with great teachers as well as great pupils, and we were asked so many times whether we would come back – you never know…
M4 during Activity Time, learning the “cup-song”
Julia with her P1 group and with Juliana on Teacher’s Day
Second-graders practising colours in English
Farewell party with M3
Lunchtime with our colleagues Jock and Saba and our German guest Vicky
At this point we want to say a heartfelt “thank you” to all the staff – and we can only recommend to you – reader! – to work as a volunteer at this school, too! If you are interested, feel free to contact one of us via the Blog contact page (University of Education Karlsruhe, secretary of the English Department) and we will be happy to involve you with the great Didi Gaorii and her “sunshiney” little cosmos in Vientiane. More information on the school is to be found on the blog page under “Internships”.
The school also has a kindergarten in the jungle, by the way, if you prefer a full eco-setting to the hustle and bustle of city life.
All the best,
Juliana Kase & Julia Kessner from Germany
Photos by J. Kase, J. Kessner & I. Martin
Flashback: Three unforgettable months in Laos
Before I applied for this internship, it had been a great dream of mine to travel to Southeast Asia. During the transition from my university degree to the teacher traineeship period, I finally had the chance, and, looking back, I am able to say that my expectations were more than exceeded.
Due to the cooperation of the PH Karlsruhe and the Angels for Children foundation, I was able to work at Ban Sikeud Primary School for a little more than three months.
In my free time, I took the opportunity to get to know various parts of the country by going on very interesting trips to places such as Luang Prabang and Vang Vieng (cities in the north of Vientiane). I enjoyed the beautiful, diverse nature of Laos, its very tasty fruits and food and got to know some basics of the Lao language.
However, what I appreciated the most was to be part of a great school and to get to know and to work together with a lot of very lovely and interesting people. I admire the people’s hospitality, open-mindedness, and friendliness, and the time they took to make us feel welcome and to show us as much as possible of their personal lives and country. This made my relatively short time very intensive and had a positive impact on our cooperation. Besides seeing each other daily in school, we invited each other to our houses and cooked together, we went to local festivals, such as the That Luang festival in Vientiane, we enjoyed trips to places such as the Nam Nung (a lake about an hour away from Vientiane), and we were even invited to some weddings.
To give you some impression, I created a small photo gallery by selecting some of my favourite pictures:
Ban Sikeud and Lao coffee
Some children of Ban Sikeud Primary School after “Activity Time” in the afternoon
Buying fish and other food at the local market during lunch break
Lunch with other teachers in the staff room at Ban Sikeud Primary School
“My tree” at Ban Sikeud Primary School 🙂 (in exchange for a small donation)
Cooking summer rolls, fish soup, and other delicatessen at Mit’s house
Lots and lots of driving with scooters
Playing volleyball at Ban Sikeud Secondary School
Small feast in the teachers’ room at Ban Sikeud Secondary School
With some teachers at some waterfalls close to Ban Sikeud
Waterfall in Luang Prabang
Panoramic view
Elephant camp
Breakfast at the weekend in Vientiane
Lunch in Vientiane
That Luang in Vientiane, the country’s national symbol, and us in traditional Lao sinhs
Traditional Lao wedding
Lao wedding in Ban Sikeud
Baci (traditional ceremony) at Ban Sikeud Primary School
To sum it up, my stay in Laos was a very special and extremely exciting and interesting time which I will always remember. I hope to keep up the positivity and calmness I felt during this stay in my upcoming teacher traineeship period and in general in my teaching career. I am very thankful to have had this opportunity and I want to thank especially the members of the Angels for Children foundation and Prof. Martin, who made this experience possible, and everyone else who took very good care of me and made this time abroad such an unforgettable one.
Text & photos by K. Petter
Ms Souphaphone Vongphachan’s and “Linda’s”aka Ms Bouangeun Hanthavong’s Story: Why I want to learn English
I teach Ms Souphaphone Vongphachan, the director of Sikeud Primary School, together with “Linda” aka Ms Bouangeun Hanthavong, Madame Engel’s assistant. Our English class takes place four times a week. Both are wonderful and highly motivated students with whom I enjoy working with a lot.
Our English class: Souphaphone, Kerstin, Linda
In the following essay, Ms Souphaphone Vongphachan, the director of Sikeud Primary School, introduces herself and tells her learning biography and personal story about what made her want to learn English. The text is written by herself, but we reread it in class and, in the meantime, corrected small parts together.
Hello,
my name is Souphaphone Vongphachan. I live in Nakounoi village, Naxaythong district, Vientiane. I live with my mother.
I am a head teacher. I work at Sikeud Primary School. I learn English 4 hours a week. I want to learn English because English is the international language to communication in the world. So I want to communication with anyone people outside the country. I must speak English very well. If I cannot speak English I don’t know what they say, what they do, what they need and they don’t know me say too. I think if I meet and talk with anyone I will have new idea for my work.
One day in the 10 years I went my farm with my sister I saw foreigner group running past my farm into forests. But an old man he run late because his leg injury he can’t go to with friend he doesn’t know street goes to friend and goes back he doesn’t have map, mobiphone. He walked slowly went to me.
Man: Hello
I: Hello
Man: Do you can speak English?
I: No.
I: Do you speak Lao?
Man: No.
After that he say help me, help me, help me. I don’t know what he say but I say ok. He very happy. Then I sent him back to his start.
Then I like to learn English. Sometimes I learn myself dicsnally book, internet. But I learn with the internet I cannot read. I like to learn English but is difficult for me because I have a little basics.
In the following two paragraphs, “our Linda” (Ms Bouangeun Hanthavong) introduces herself to you and explains the reasons why she wants to learn English. Orally Linda can express herself very well. To write English, on the other hand, is still difficult for her, which is why we wrote this introduction together:
Hello, I am Bouangeun Hanthavong. Everyone calls me Linda because it’s easier. I am 42 years old. I live in Sikeud village, Naxaythong district, with my family. I am married and I have one son. I work for the foundation Angels for Children. I am Madame Engel’s assistance. For example, I work as an accountant. This is why I have to learn English because every month I have to answer e-mails or phone calls from Germany. And many people from Germany come to Laos and I have to understand everyone and be able to speak with them because it is my job to help them if they have a problem or need something. When Madame Engel is not at school, sometimes we have some guests visit our school and I have to show them around.
2005, 11 years ago, I did not know any English. I came to Sikeud Primary School and started my work with Madame Engel. It was very difficult to communicate. After one year, I started to learn English in Vientiane with a French teacher for nine months. After that, one English teacher from Naxaythong High School came to teach me and the other teachers of our school for two years. After that, I started to study English by myself with a dictionary. After that, students from Germany came to our school to teach English. Last year, the first group of Karlsruhe came and I started to have lessons to learn English with one teacher and Souphaphone, our director, four hours a week. I can speak but the writing is very difficult for me because I never learned English grammar at school.
Text by S. Vongphachan, B. Hanthavong and K. Petter
Pictures by S. Stöhrer
My experiences with the German teachers – Essays by Mit (Mittaphone Sichampa) and Noy (Phovang Inthavong)
During our daily English lessons at Sikeud Primary School, Mit and Noy, the school’s English teachers, wrote an article about their experiences with the German teachers who came to Laos to teach them English. The cooperation with the PH Karlsruhe started in October 2015 and I am, after Tobias Mayer and Jana Brecht, their 3rd teacher. The articles were written without my assistance, but we reread them in class. We present the original texts but corrected small parts of it together.
Please read through their essays and learn more about their individual impressions and perspectives and about their increased English writing skills. You are also welcome to have a look at their former articles:
- Phovang “Noy” Inthavong: “What were your expectations, hopes, and fears when you heard that five German volunteer teachers will come to your school?”
- Mittaphone “Mit” Sichampa: “What were your expectations, hopes, and fears when you heard that five German volunteer English teachers will come to your school?”
It is a pleasure for me to work together with such wonderful, highly motivated teachers who are willing to learn.
Mittaphone Sichampa, Kerstin Petter, Phovang Inthavong
“My experiences with the German teachers” by Mittaphone Sichampa
An article about my experiences when I started to work with the 3rd German teacher who came to Laos.
First I started to work with teacher Tobi during I work with him he is a good teacher and friendly. He helped me with a lot of things. Monday to Friday every morning he taught me English 1 hour/ day. After that, he joined me lesson in the classroom. If I have a problem with teaching or pronunciation he taught me how to do and how to pronounce it correctly. At the weekend I have to do workshop with his team. They taught me some activities, games and some songs for teaching students. He works with us all most 2 months. I think that, when he left here, I hope I can speak more English and my pronunciation will improve more.
Then, have other group came again I feel a little bit exciting because I worried about my English but when I know and met her she is very friendly and kindly. Her name is Jana. I studied English with her every Monday – Friday morning 1 hour/ day. She did same same teacher Tobi. And one thing that she helped me is about life in England because that time she came I received voucher from Angle for Children Foundation to attend an English language course in the U.K. in the summer of 2016. So, I asked her something about England and I am lucky because she have been there already. Then she told me a lot of things about England such as: about they life, culture, should, shouldn’t and about their money. I really happy to work with her but it made me to disappoint because have some problem about our visas. So, I hope I will have an opportunity like these again.
Right now, I work with the 3rd German teacher. She is very kindly and sweet woman. Her name is Kerstin. I study English 1 hour/ day every Monday – Friday morning. Then, she joins me lesson in the classroom. She gives me some idea and techniques about teaching. Right away I studying the Fourth edition New Headway Elementary book with her until 20th December. After she back to Germany I hope my English will more improve and better. However, I think that, I learn a lot of things from her, during she stayed here.
I am really happy and very proud about this project. So, I would like to say thank you very much to Prof. Martin, Angel for Children Foundation and all the teachers in this project for helping and give opportunity for the teachers at Sikeud, Phang Heng Primary School and Sikeud Secondary School in Laos.
“My experiences with the German teachers” by Phovang Inthavong (“Noy”)
When I came teacher at Sikeud primery school the first year I heared some teacher said to me we will have a teacher volunteer from Germany and English teachers will start work with the English teacher from Germany one day.
I very glad and excited because I never worked with foreigner. I am very worred because I can speak a little bid. When teacher from Germany arrived at our school I saw I am very happy such as: I was to work with a teacher Tobi. He is a first teacher for me. I am very excited and worred about pronunciation difficult for the conversation. But the first day we worked together he is friendly and he is a good teacher and he helped me something and we played games, workshop and we had activities together. He taught me about English lesson after that he went to the classroom with me. Then I finished lesson he feedback I improve my pronunciation and I have new experience from he taught. I think pronunciation is important for teacher to will teach students begin learn English. One day we went to the university of Laos for made an activity with students over there and teachers. I am very lucky because I had a good teacher and he is a good kind. Finally I heard my teacher come back to Germany he gave Oxford to me because it is souvenir important to study English. I miss my teacher and I should say thank you for everything and experience. Before he came back I heared we go to England. I very glad if I have opportunity because I want to improve pronunciation and experience.
Continue I had a new teacher from Germany again I so glad. Her name is Jana. She is beautiful and good kind, friendly. When I started work with her I can improve something such as teachnic for teached. She helped me about practice the pronunciation. Pronunciation is difficult for me. She the same teacher Tobi taught every day Monday – Friday. One day she taught one day for 1 hour. On the weekend we went to Vang Vieng because older sister her house had party. She wanted to know about culture in Laos. I have experience about work with foreigner. And though I and Jana we are different country and culture but we are very good and I never forget the experience from volunteer from Germany. I want to say thank you again she taught me something about if I will go to England: I can do, I can’t do something, culture and money over there.
She came back I miss my teacher but right now I have 3rd teacher come from Germany again. She is beautiful and she is good kind. She gave me something and I‘m very happy. Her name is Kerstin. When I work with teacher Kerstin I enjoy because she gives a cooperation very good. She is good teacher for me. She goes to classroom with me and after finished lesson she feedbacks me for next time I improve for teachnic. She is the same old teachers. She teaches me every day one day one hour and goes to classroom three hours for a week. I think I can improve more because she lives here 3 months.
I hope I have more experience because volunteer teacher came from Germany gives cooperation about work very good with team and work group. Finally I thank you very much for project Angels for Children in Laos and Prof. teacher Martin give opportunity to me work with teacher volunteer from Germany. I promise I keep experience from teacher. Thank you teacher come to Laos.
Text by P. Inthavong, M. Sichampa & K. Petter
Photos by S. Stöhrer
Welcome to our new “Didactics Room” at Ban Phang Heng Secondary School
After conducting our first workshop on 20 November 2016 on teaching materials we faced the problem that our Lao tandem-teachers wanted to spice their lessons up with self-made teaching material, but they didn’t have the possibility to simply produce it at home or at school.
Thanks to the Angels for Children Foundation, the school is already equipped very well, compared to normal Lao standards. Nevertheless, things like a copier, a computer with Internet access, or a laminating machine, which seem basic in Germany, were missing so far. So we came up with the idea to set up a new “office”, where our Lao teachers can prepare lessons and produce self-made material.
First, we set up a list with different items which seemed useful or necessary to us. Second, we asked Prof. Martin as well as our Lao tandem-partners if they agreed with our ideas and if they had something to add. With the finished list, we started thinking about a room where we could set this up. Helpful as always, Mr Khamsing Nathavongdouangsy offered half of his Angels for Children office. Then he helped us translate our plans into Lao so that the director Mr Khampeng Boun Tha Lavong agreed and we were ready to put our plans into action. In a final step, we went to Madame Gerlinde Engel and showed her our list. Generously, she gave us the necessary funds so that we could go shopping. One day after, together with our project leader, Johannes Zeck, Anika and David went to Patuxay Computer, a computer shop in Vientiane, to buy the equipment. Honestly – we felt like children in a toy shop, so very happy were we to finally see the results of our work of the past few weeks.
As soon as we had bought the equipment, everything went very quickly. Together with our new “Didactics Room Managers”, Ms Saysamone Singhalath and Ms Noy Sibounheuang a.k.a “Noy Laptop”, we set everything up. Our Didactics Room now features a photocopier, a computer with permanent Internet access, a printer, a laminating machine, a paper cutter, and a lot of stationary to work with.
So on 7th January, 2017, we conducted an introductory workshop to this new material for our tandem-teachers. Feel free to click through the photos from that workshop: We had a lot of fun together, working with the new equipment.
Welcome to our didactics room!
Anika introduces the new equipment
Taking a look at the new computer
From left to right: Anika Broghammer, Souvanh Navong, Prof. Isabel Martin, Donkeo Keosithivong, Bounleud Sengsavangvong, Souksakhone Sindavan
Donekeo Keosithivong crafts a clockface template
Bounleud Sengsavangvong works with his favourite device – the laminator
Souksakhone Sindavan practices with the paper cutter
Souvanh Navong’s first copy with the new device
Everybody is busy 🙂
Bounleud Sengsavangvong, Souvanh Navong, Souksakhone Sindavan work on sample lessons
Anika with her tandem-partners
David with his tandem-partners
Prof. Isabel Martin and her volunteers
Text by: D. Schrep & A. Broghammer
Photos by: D. Schrep, A. Broghammer & I. Martin
English Certificates for Lao teachers 2017
Learning English is fun, at times challenging, but also very rewarding. To show our “students” how much we appreciate their learning English with us during their free time, and to provide them with a record of their achievement, we held a formal Certicificate Ceremony on January 10th, 2017, at the primary school in Sikeud. Here are some pictures of this ceremony and our proud “students”:
Everybody waiting expectantly
Gerlinde Engel aka “Madame”
Mittaphone “Mit” Sichampa (English teacher at Sikeud primary school) receives her certificate from Johannes Zeck & Prof. Marti (“John & Izzy”)
Phovang “Noy” Inthavong (English teacher at Sikeud primary school) receives her certificate
Bouangeun Hanthavong (aka “Linda”, AfC Assistant) all happy
Souphaphone Vongphachan (Director of Sikeud Primary School)
Lathsamy Chanthavongsa & Bounpheng Singhalath (teachers at Phang Heng primary school) receive their certificates from their tandem teachers Silja Schäfer & Sara Stöhrer
Khanthong Vilaithong receives her certificate
David Schrep hands over the certificates to his tandem-teachers Sauvanh Vong & Bounleud Sengsavangvong (teachers at Phang Heng secondary school)
Anika Broghammer congratulates her tandem-teachers Donekeo Keositvong & Souksakhone Sindavan (teachers at Phang Heng secondary school)
All “non-English” teachers at Phang Heng secondary school with their certificates (teachers who do not teach English, but also learn English)
Yay, we love getting certificates and working together!
After all the teachers had gotten their Certificates we had one more achievement to celebrate. Johanna Landvogt, psychology student, had tested all the English teachers from the three schools that are supported by the AfC foundation. This comprehensive test consisted of four different types of tasks: Writing, listening, reading and speaking. The purpose of this test was to get a standardized evaluation of the level of English of these teachers to find out their level of proficiency on the CEFR scale (Common European Framework of Reference for Languages), and also to find out which areas in particular still need work.
Moreover, we plan to carry out the test again in a few years’ time and are expecting to see further improvement, which will in turn motivate the teachers to keep on studying (and us to keep on teaching). Here a some pictures from the handover of the individual test results:
Mittaphone “Mit” Sichampa & Johanna Landvogt
Johanna Landvogt hands over the test results to Donekeo Keositvong
Bounleud Sengsavangvong receives his test results
Text by S. Stoehrer
Photos by D. Schrep, S. Stoehrer
My personal highlight: “And the true beauties are… Lao fabrics!” – by Lena Wink
Laos is often said to be a country where time seems to have stopped. I am really sorry to inform you that time also passes by quickly here, especially when you are surrounded by so many lovely people and such a rich culture that asks to be discovered.
As a consequence, for all us so far, it is pretty hard to decide which highlight to choose for one special blog article as there are and were so many of them. My whole stay in Laos has definitely been a personal highlight in my entire lifetime so far. However, one really stays in my mind and fascinates me still.
Pauline, Kerstin, Sara, and I took advantage of the long weekend around “Lao National Day” on 2 December 2016, and we arranged a trip to Luang Prabang. The city has a long history and has played a major role in the history of Laos, but in this article I would like to share the experience I gained with my weaving course at the “Living Crafts Centre” (“LCC”), offered by the “Ock Pop Tok” enterprise. The meaning of the name is “East meets West” and was chosen following the founders’ origins. One of the founders is Lao and grew up in a traditional Lao family of weavers. The other founder, also female, is English and once worked as a photographer for an EU-funded project in the north of Laos. The two women met in 1999 and soon shared the same passion for fair trade textiles. They decided to preserve and promote these textiles in and outside of Laos. Today, you can find three of their shops in Luang Prabang, and, since 2016, also one in the capital of Laos, Vientiane.
Shop until you drop: Handmade handbags
Prof. Martin’s scarf, from the shop in Vientiane
Apart from the shop, the “Living Crafts Centre” also hosts a café, a museum, and a workshop. The museum offers free tours around the day. Here, visitors can learn more about the Lao textiles – and this is what we did, as did Laura from Team I a year before.
The tour started with an explanation of the process of thread production and in this case the origins of silk thread.
Paying close attention: Pauline, Sara, Kerstin, tour guide
We learnt that silk production can be divided into several steps. It starts with the extraction of raw silk by cultivating the silkworms on mulberry leaves. Each worm eats more that two kilos of mulberry leaves and grows to be 10,000 times their original size before it starts to pupate in its cocoon. At the LCC they do not produce the silk thread on site, but they keep a few silkworms as living examples.
Hungry silk worms
It is very unfortunate, but, in order to get the long fibres, the silkworms have to die. They are put into hot water which loosens the threads.
What is this? Tray used to let the wet cocoon dry
The cocoons are literally unwound and thus a silk thread can emerge. The good news for all vegtarians amongst us is that there are also possibilities to get the silk without killing the worm, it is just more work and a larger species of silkworm is used.
After thread production comes dyeing. Traditionally, natural dyes are used.
Bring colour into your life – natural dyes
Soup kitchen? Saucepans filled with natural dyes
It is amazing what rich colours can emerge by using natural ingredients. Nature has it all in store. The colour blue, for example, comes from the indigo tree, light green is made from fresh lemon grass leaves, brown from betel wood.
Now the thread is produced and shines in brilliant colours. Then the weaving, the actual fabric production, can take place. At the LCC hand-made looms are used.
So many threads: Master weaver at work
Adopting the spontaneous attitude of Laotian people, Pauline and I decided to enrol for the half-day weaving course on that day. It started with a quick introduction to the pattern symbolisms which are woven into the fabric. I decided to weave the “Naga” pattern. A “Naga” is a Buddhist creature which can be described as a cross-breeding between a snake and a dragon. There are bad and good “Nagas”. The meaning of the pattern on my piece is protection from harm, as the good “Naga” is fighting the bad one – this is represented on Pauline’s and my woven pieces with yellow thread.
Before we could start with the weaving we had to wind up the threads. This was already quite an experience, as the gadget for the winding-up looked adventurous. Apart from the uncomfortable position, the winding-up as such worked well after a bit of practise.
Finally, we got started with the main process – the weaving. The first part was easy to manage as the colour stayed the same. The pattern however caused some sort of difficulties as the colours and threads had to be changed in order to get the “Naga” pattern. Luckily, each of us had our master weaver by our side, who examined our work closely and provided help when needed.
Help is needed: My weaving teacher shows me what to do
After three hours we finished our first pieces of hand-woven Lao fabrics and here I proudly present them to you:
My finished piece
Pauline’s finished piece
The course was expensive (60 dollars) compared to normal Lao price-standards, but I enjoyed it tremendously and would definitely do it again. It gave me a great insight into the traditional crafts work of Lao people and now that I know how much work it really is, I appreciate the Lao fabrics even more.
A place to hang out
Let’s call it a day
Text by L. Wink
Photos by L. Wink, S. Stoehrer, P. Kern & I. Martin
You must be logged in to post a comment.